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==Liquid Nitrogen== To operate at temperatures below ambient, the VTC requires a supply of liquid nitrogen (LN). LN is delivered into the VTC using 1/4-inch diameter FEP tubing. Other types of tubing do not work well. Atmospheric moisture condensation troubles and LN losses can be minimized by thermally insulating the FEP tubing between the supply and the VTC. Custom lengths of recycled-denim-based tubing insulation specifically designed for this purpose may be purchased from Aeon. The LN supply pressure should not significantly exceed atmospheric pressure. In particular, it should not come directly from a pressurized vessel, such as a typical "low pressure" liquid nitrogen cylinder, which usually delivers liquid at 22 psi. The VTC is designed to accept a trickle or "drip feed" of LN by gravity alone. Inside the VTC foam body is a small reservoir chamber that holds about 11.7 mL of LN. In normal operation, this reservoir fills to the top and then continuously overflows out of a drain tube connected at the top of the reservoir. The overflow should be continuous but minuscule. The LN supply control system should adjust the trickle flow rate into the VTC to achieve a drain flow rate of about one drop per second, or about 3 mL / min, with the VTC operating at the highest normal-operation regulated temperature for the implementation. (Note that the total LN consumption will be higher than 3 mL / min, because the LN that boils off as a gas doesn't appear at the drain port.)
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